types of mycoses slideshare

The serologic response may be suppressed; Causes of immunodeficiency commonly encountered are: Malignancies (Leukemias, lymphomas, Hodgkin's Disease). TJJ Inglis, 16th February, 2010. Mycosis; Other names: mycoses, fungal disease, fungal infection ICD-10CM codes: Mycoses B35-B49 : Micrograph showing a mycosis (aspergillosis).The Aspergillus (which is spaghetti-like) is seen in the center and surrounded by inflammatory cells and necrotic debris. Increasing world-wide travel, and the dramatic increase in numbers of immunocompromised . Weight loss. mycosis fungoi´des a chronic or rapidly progressive form of cutaneous T-cell lymphoma (formerly thought to be of fungal origin), which in some cases evolves into generalized lymphoma. Pityriasis (Tinea) versicolor (Malassezia furfur) • 2. It may be divided generally into three successive stages: premycotic, associated with intensely pruritic eruptions . mycosis [mi-ko´sis] any disease caused by fungi. Weakness or fatigue. I couldn't believe it! I contacted and they had a writer on it pronto. Gram Culture. 5. A normal component of the patient, such as a protein or a protein-nucleic acid complex, that becomes recognized by the patient's own antibodies and/or T lymphocytes during an autoimmune disease. Mycology.doc 6 of 25 36. They'll give your presentations a professional, memorable appearance - the kind of sophisticated look that today's audiences expect. Based on anatomic localization, mucormycosis can be classified as one of 6 forms: (1) rhinocerebral, (2) pulmonary, (3) cutaneous, (4) gastrointestinal, (5) disseminated, and (6) uncommon presentations. It most commonly . Penny (NY) Toggle navigation. The specimens\sample may be a complete plant or a part of the plant, specimens should be in dried form on a sheet paper. For this reason they are common on leaf and fruit surfaces, on roots and in various types of food. The division of mycota, or fungi and moulds, includes the true slime moulds (Myxomycetes), the lower fungi (Phycomycetes), and the higher fungi (Eumycetes). Trichophyton spp. MYCOLOGY is the branch of microbiology that deals with the study of Fungi and Fungal diseases.. GENERAL CHARACTERISTICS OF FUNGI ⇒ All fungi are Eukaryotic protists. Mucormycosis, also known as black fungus, is a rare but dangerous infection.It's caused by a group of molds called mucormycetes and often affects the sinuses, lungs, skin . Oral Candidal infection usually involves a compromised host and the compromise may be local or systemic. *Arbuscules are finely-branched structures that form within a cell and serve as a major metabolic exchange site between the plant and the fungus. cutaneous mycoses tinea (dermatophytes) tinea capitis tinea corporis tinea cruris tinea pedis tinea unguium tinea versicolor (pityriasis) subcutaneous mycoses sporothrix schenkii Tinea (Dermatophytes) Introduction organisms are dermatophytes Microsporum spp. Classification of Mycosis: Mycoses are classified according to the tissue levels initially colonized. are most frequently implicated. Antibodies ( histoplasmosis, coccidioidomycosis) Antigen ( cryptococcosis, aspergillosis, candidosis, histoplasmosis ). Superficial mycoses types. Different types are traditionally divided according to the part of the body affected; superficial, subcutaneous, and systemic. Chromoblastomycosis is a subcutaneous mycosis characterized by verrucoid lesions of the skin (usually of the Most commonly used samples include skin scrapings from cutaneous lesions, nasal discharges, scrapings and aspirates from sinuses in patients with rhinocerebral lesions, bronchoalevolar lavages and needle biopsies from pulmonary lesions, and biopsy tissue from patients with gastrointestinal and/or disseminated . TB bacteria or Mycobacterium tuberculosis multiply once it gets into the lungs. Medical Mycology • Fungi were discovered before bacteria & viruses • Most fungi cause skin or cosmetic infections while bacteria & viruses cause fatal diseases • Clinical Mycology has entered Golden Age in modern medicine due to: •Organ transplantation . Peripheral T-cell lymphoma (PTCL) is defined as a diverse group of aggressive lymphomas that develop from mature-stage white blood cells called T-cells and natural killer (NK) cells. The ability of fungi to invade plant and animal tissue was observed in early 19th century but the first documented animal infection by any fungus was made by Bassi, who in 1835 studied the muscardine disease of silkworm and mycosis. Yeast - pasty or mucoid form of fungus growth, microscopically shows a predominance of budding cells 40 There are different types of serological tests . Typically, these types of infections only happen to people who already have a weakened immune system. Thallospore - spore formed by a change in portions of the thallus 37. There are three main types of corporations: C Corporation: This is the most common form of incorporation. In the mid-1990s, new lipid-based amphotericin B formulations were brought to market. Systemic mycoses are fungal infections affecting internal organs. Vaccination - immune system. Mucormycosis. Effective against non meningeal coccidiomycosis and blastomycosis. In one study of cancer patients, fungal septicemia and pneumonias accounted for almost a third of deaths. Neutrophils and macrophages serve as the outstanding mediators of innate immunity against fungal infections. They are caused by a variety of fungi such as dermatophytes, Candida spp., Malassezia, Exophiala, Trichosporon, Piedraia and many others. Cutaneous T-cell lymphomas occur when certain white blood cells, called T cells, become cancerous; these cancers characteristically affect the skin, causing different types of skin lesions.Although the skin is involved, the skin cells themselves are not cancerous. serological test, also called serology test or antibody test, any of several laboratory procedures carried out on a sample of blood serum (the clear liquid that separates from the blood when it is allowed to clot) for the purpose of detecting antibodies or antibody-like substances that appear specifically in association with certain diseases. Mucormycosis mainly affects people who have health problems or take medicines that lower the body's ability to fight germs and sickness. Dermatophytes cause superficial infections such as 'ringworm' that are unsightly and difficult to treat, but rarely serious. Their name is derived from structures they form within the plant root cell: arbuscules*. Tinea Nigra - Hortaea/Exophiala werneckii • 3. Herbarium: Kinds and Functions. demographics Organs involved in immune system Clostridium botulinum. Clinical resistance is defined as the failure to eradicate a fungal infection despite the administration of an antifungal agent with in vitro activity against the organism. Mycosis-Singular. Antifungal Spectrum: Fungistatic and fungicid depending on the dose. Growing data being reported have indicated that multiple cells and molecules orchestrate the host's response to a fungal infection in the lung. Potassium hydroxide (KOH) mount: KOH dissolves keratin and cellular material but does not affect fungi. A 35-year-old woman presents to her primary care physician for a 2-week history of dry cough and worsening shortness of breath. Mucormycosis (previously called zygomycosis) is a rare but serious angio-invasive infection caused by a group of fungi called mucormycetes. Superficial mycoses are only surface infections of the skin, hair, nail and mucous membranes. Alexopolous and Mims proposed fungal classification in 1979. • Cutaneous mycoses: • These are infections of the skin involving the epidermis and its integuments, the hair, and nails. A bad cough that lasts three weeks or longer. Author (s): Dale Dingley. Polynes, Imidazoles, Griseofulvin Penicillin, Tetracyclines, Aminoglycosides fMYCOSES STRUCTURE TWO TYPES OF FUNGI fMYCOSES STRUCTURE YEAST Unicellular, Round; Nonfilamentous Can produce PSEUDOHYPHAE Reproduce by Budding or Binary Fission Grows at 35-37 C YEAST TRUE YEAST cells retain individuality Cells attach to each others lymphocytes The white blood cells in the lymphatic system B cells form in the bone marrow. Many different types of fungi can cause mycosis, and some types, such as Cryptococcus and Histoplasma, can cause severe, life-threatening infections. ⇒ They are chemotropic organisms i.e. Epidermophyton spp. Among the types of endomycorrhizal fungi, arbuscular mycorrhizal (AM) fungi are the most prevalent in soils. Superficial mycoses examples. Investigation strategies and methods Basic immunology May 2007 Definitions Immune system = cells, tissues, and molecules that mediate resistance to infections Immunology = study of structure and function of the immune system Immunity = resistance of a host to pathogens and their toxic effects Immune response = collective and coordinated response to the introduction of foreign substances in an . White Piedia - Trichosporon • 4. Although sinusitis affects about 20 % of the population, fungal sinusitis is rare. PTCL is classified as a subtype of non-Hodgkin's lymphoma (NHL). World's Best PowerPoint Templates - CrystalGraphics offers more PowerPoint templates than anyone else in the world, with over 4 million to choose from. The only known mycosis (fungal disease) caused by fungi of this class is mucormycosis, a very rare fungal growth of the upper respiratory tract, INTRODUCTION TO MYCOLOGY The term "mycology" is derived from Greek word "mykes" meaning mushroom. Active against the same fungi as amphotericin B, most useful in tretment of histoplasmosis. Fungal infections in humans occur as a result of defects in the immune system. Aspergillus sp. Winner of the Standing Ovation Award for "Best PowerPoint Templates" from Presentations Magazine. Fungal infection, also known as mycosis, is disease caused by fungi. THE LYMPHATIC. The type of antibodies that recognize antigens of the patient, always present in autoimmune diseases and sometimes causing them. Classification of subcutaneous and systemic mycoses Roberto Arenas, MDa,⁎, Gabriela Moreno-Coutiño, MDa, Oliverio Welsh, MDb aMycology Section, Department of Dermatology, "Dr. Manuel Gea Gonzalez" General Hospital, Calzada de Tlalpan 4800, Colonia Sección XVI, Mexico, DF 14080, Mexico bDepartment of Dermatology, "Dr. Jose E. Gonzalez" University Hospital, Universidad Autonoma de Nuevo . Compared with the initial Mycoses are classified as superficial, cutaneous, subcutaneous, or systemic (deep) infections depending on the type and degree of tissue involvement and the host response to the pathogen. Intermediate mycoses • Yeasts and molds -Candida - 'yeast infection' -Mucor -Dermophyton or Tricophyton Systemic mycoses • Mostly occur in compromised patients • Yeasts, molds -Histoplasma -Blastomyces -Coccidiodes -Pneumocystis -Cryptococcus Systemic mycotic infections Blastomycosis Cryptococcus Respiratory fungal agents map 15. The systemic mycoses may occur outside the known endemic area. Superficial fungal infections include common tinea of the skin, such as tinea of the body, groin, hands, feet and beard, and yeast infections such as pityriasis versicolor. The yeast Candida being the main cause of candidiasis is a commonly isolated pathogen from immunocompromised patients. Specimens are placed on a slide to which a drop of 10-20% potassium hydroxide is added and then covered by a cover slip and left for 20 minutes in incubator at 37°C to digest keratin. Fungal diseases kill more than 1.5 million and affect over a billion people. Elsevier, Edinburgh. Clostridium. Gram staining helps to identify bacterial pathogens in specimens and cultures by their Gram reaction (Gram positive … 1) Simple staining: 2) Differential staining: 1) Gram staining 2) Acid […] Therefore mycology is the study of fungi. Tinea infections are a group of diseases caused by fungi. The opportunistic mycoses are infections due to fungi with low inherent virulence. Spores of these ubiquitous fungi (commonly found in soil, fallen leaves, compost, animal dung and air) can be inhaled and then infect the lungs, sinuses, and extend into the brain and eyes. Specimens vary according to the type of infection and clinical presentations. What are systemic mycoses?. What Is Mucormycosis? Subcutaneous mycoses involve the deeper layers of the skin, including the cornea, muscle, and connective tissue and are caused by a broad spectrum of taxonomically diverse fungi. (a) Class Phycomycetes. •Mycoses often named after causative agent (e.g., Candida albicans causes candidiasis) •May refer to affected body part (e.g., cutaneous mycoses of skin-invading molds called dermatophytes) •Toxins include aflatoxins produced by Aspergillus species; found in grains, peanuts; carcinogenic •Rye mold Claviceps purpurea (ergot) produces Fungal sinusitis represents a wide spectrum of disorders, including acute or chronic and invasive or non-invasive forms. These molds live throughout the environment. Fungal infections of the oral cavity 1. Tinea (Ringworm) - Prefix used with the infected area of the body to indicate a cutaneous mycosis 39. These types of fungus infections often occur in the groin area of the individual. Orofacial lesions caused by systemic mycoses have rarely been reported in the past though they have been recorded particularly in outdoor workers from geographic areas with a high prevalence of infection and occasionally in immunocompromised individuals. The fungi can then spread via the bloodstream to multiple organs including the skin, often causing multiple organs to fail and eventually resulting in the death of the patient. Most forms of retinal dysplasia in dogs are inherited, and many DNA mutations have been reported. Winner of the Standing Ovation Award for "Best PowerPoint Templates" from Presentations Magazine. Immunity - protection. Sample. Mucormycosis (previously called zygomycosis) is a serious but rare fungal infection caused by a group of molds called mucormycetes. Systemic Mycoses. Epidemiological data on this type of mycosis are scant. The two types of lymphocytes are B cells and T cells. Its use has been limited by rapid emergence of resistance when used alone, as well as asso-ciated toxicities, including bone marrow suppression. From fungi visible to the naked eye, such as mushrooms, to microscopic yeasts and molds, they exist in a multitude of forms. Retinal dysplasia is a congenital, focal, geographic, or generalized maldevelopment of the retina that may arise from trauma, genetic defect, or intrauterine damage such as viral infections. ⇒ Culture: some points are considered while attempting to culture fungi in the laboratory as follows - Fungi can be grown in media similar to those used for bacteria, usually at a lower pH. It can cause severe symptoms such as: Coughing up blood and mucus from deep inside the lungs. INTRODUCTION TO MYCOLOGY. Superficial mycoses Superficial mycoses are limited to the outermost layers of the skin and hair. Dermatophytes/Tinea Infections. Blood tests for patients with deep or disseminated fungal infection. We keep our prices affordable to maintain a perfect balance between amazing quality and low . A. Superficial mycosis B. Subcutaneous mycosis C. Systemic mycosis • Primary pathogens • Opportunistic pathogens •Use of Antibiotics •Use of steroids •Immunosuppressive conditions •Microscopic examination •Culture •Other tests •Most antifungal agent are for topical use It is a collection of plant specimens that are pressed, preserved, dead and dried, also arranged in a sequence of classification for future purpose and study. Fungal infections are as important as other microbial infections but the lack of animal models for mycoses makes it less informed. Fungal diseases may be confined to a body surface (for instance, ringworm is caused by a fungus), or they may become systemic (meaning spread through body systems). The algal fungi: bread molds and leaf molds. Therefore, our ability to determine the burden of disease is limited. She reports that she also has joint pains in her knees and ankles, as well as a rash on her legs. Types of immune response. Fungal diseases are often caused by fungi that are common in the environment. Drug therapies. Mycoses are classified as superficial, cutaneous, subcutaneous, or systemic (deep) infections depending on the type and degree of tissue involvement and the host response to the pathogen. ⇒ Fungi are obligate or facultative aerobes. Most fungi are not dangerous, but some types can be harmful to health. Fungi live outdoors in soil and on plants and trees as well as on many indoor surfaces and on human skin. The development of fluconazole resistance among Candida albicans and C. neoformans strains illustrates this type of resistance [25, 26]. Pain in the chest. The principle mycoses are mycetoma, chromoblastomycosis, sporotrochosis and rhinosporidiosis (Arora, 2004). SUPERFICIAL MYCOSES • 1. 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