methods of plant breeding slideshare

(Agriculture) - GENETICS and PLANT BREEDING In the area of Genetics &Plant Breeding an effort has been made to retainrelevant core concepts and principles of Plant Breeding & Genetics as such. A method for propagating a hybrid plant of an onion and garlic or of an onion and a Chinese chive, which comprises culturing the hybrid cell, the hybrid embryo or the hybrid secondary embryo according to claim 1, 2 or 3 in a plant culture medium to effect clonal propagation of said hybrid plant. Desirable characteristics from different parent plants could also be combined in the offspring. (Source: Tinker, 2008) Bulk Breeding Method (Source: Acquaah, 2006) Bulk Breeding Method . This hybrid vigour, or heterosis, can be manifested in many ways, including . or Plant breeding deals with the genetic improvement of crop plants also . He obtained commercial seed lot of princess . or Plant breeding is the art and science of improving the heredity of plants for the benefit of mankind. 08, 2019 . Brief Account of Breeding Methods in Crop Plants: Plant introduction is applicable to all three groups of crop plants, viz., self-pollinated, cross pollinated and asexually propagated species. In general, two methods are employed: (1) sexual, and (2) asexual. Historically, selection of Winner of the Standing Ovation Award for "Best PowerPoint Templates" from Presentations Magazine. A whole-foods, plant-based diet can help you lose weight and improve your health. genotype of the plant produced by recombination in F I, F 2 and to some extent, in F 3.Thus the two obvious limitations of breeding methods based on self-pollination of the hybrid (e.g., pedigree and bulk methods) are: first, the recombination is limited to two or, at the best, three generations, Definition Plant breeding is a science based on principles of genetics and cytogenetic. You now have unlimited* access to books, audiobooks, magazines, and more from Scribd. Undesirable effects of Plant Breeding 1. M.SC IN LIFE SCIENCES, BHARATHIDASAN UNIVERSITY, TIRUCHIRAPALLI. Plant tissue culture has been widely employed in area of agriculture, horticulture, forestry and plant breeding. Merits and Demerits. Regulatory methods - Plant Quarantine and Inspection - Quarantine Rules and Regulations Plant Quarantine The term 'Quarantine' means simply forty i.e., 40 days period. Chapter 3 demonstrates how the use of sequencing methods in combination with strategies in breeding and molecular genetic modifications has contributed to our knowledge of plant genetics and remarkable increase in agricultural productivity. Plant Breeding as Science -By understanding genes and heredity, scientists are able to select appropriate traits to more consistently express desired characteristics. Accelerated plant growth and development under speed breeding (left) compared to control conditions (right). The first section of this brief review deals with the selection of individual plants, consideration being given in turn to: (a) rules for selection for a continuously varying character y; (b) the gain in y due to selection; (c) the chief properties of the distribution of y after selection; and (d) the construction of selection indices. The F2 generation is sown at normal commercial planting rates in a large plot. There are three wass whereby unconventional methods of plant genetics can be used for applied plant breeding. In this article we will discuss about:- 1. the asexual methods of plant propagation were not known, this was the only commercial method for plant propagation. Polyploidy breeding 3. The modern method of plant breeding is carried out in the following steps:-Collection of Variability. Demerits: 1. The breeding methods commonly used in cross-pollinated crops may be grouped into two broad categories; Hybrid and synthetic varieties. PEDIGREE METHOD OF PLANT BREEDING Jun. Breeding Methods in Asexually Propagated Crops. Ans. Single Seed descent method 7. Outline the procedure for transfer of a recessive resistance gene through Backcross method. The problem with the classical plant breeding is that it is very slow. Meristem culture. Early farmers discovered that some crop plants could be artificially mated or cross-pollinated to increase yields. Part 1: use of genetic resources in plant breeding 125 Declaration, adopted by the International Technical Conference on Plant Genetic Resources, Leipzig, Germany, 17-23 June 1996. Plant breeding is the genetic improvement of the crop in order to create desired plant types that are better suited for cultivation, give better yields and are disease resistant. Breeding Populations in Plant Breeding 3. The produce of multiline varieties is less attractive and less uniform due to mixture of several pure-lines. plant breeding methods submited by, m. thilakar, ls1154 second year. Many different types of methods have been developed by the breeders for crossing plants in order to transfer and maintain the required and desirable characteristics in inbred lines. Sexual propagation is multiplication of plants from seed, and asexual or vegetative propagation involves starting a new plant from some vegetative part of a plant. Advantages • Seedling trees are generally long-lived, bear more heavily and all comparatively more hardy. Hybridization. | PowerPoint PPT . Back cross method in plant breeding pdf. 6-1.2 .1 Steps Involved In Plant Breeding Following steps are involved in both traditional as well as modern plant breeding- 1. Lay leaves flat on the medium. 2. Mass selection 3. Meaning and Features of Pedigree Method: Pedigree refers to record of the ancestry of an individual selected plant. 2. The time necessary for breeding by recombination can be shortened, making use of the discovery that plants can be obtained directly from the products of meiosis, the "Gonen." Two new cult … It generally takes fifteen to sixteen years to produce a new variety. Absence of infestation or injury to host plant due to transitory process like incomplete infestation. The number four indicates that fourth plant of 7th plant of F 2 is selected. Previous. The meristem culture technique was developed by Morel and Martin in 1952 to culture Dahlia. 1. Reproduction in which sexual organs or related structures take part but fertilization does not occur, so . Backcross Method of Plant Breeding for Dominant Gene Transfer | Development of Disease Resistant Variety by Backcross Method | Agriculture RS RajputHiiWelcom. Plant Breeding as Business -Consistency of She has considerable experience in the application of recurrent selection methods to improve yield, stress tolerance, and disease and insect resistance in cross-pollinating crops (maize and meadowfoam). crop improvement, through breeding, wide hybridization, haploidy, somaclonal variation and micropropagation, are the subjects of this review. Plant Breeding and CRISPR Plants Market will Grow with CAGR 16.1% From 2018 to 2026 - The Plant Breeding and CRISPR Plants Market size was valued at US$ 7452.1 Mn in 2018 and is expected to grow at a compound annual growth rate (CAGR) of 16.1% for the forecast period ending 2026 reaching a Market value of US$ 17246.7 Mn. This article discusses Selection methods in plant breeding based on mode of reproduction.Some plants reproduce by self-fertilization where pollen from a plant can fertilise the reproductive cell or ovule of the same plant. Number of Views: 16728. Pureline selection 2. Bulk method 6. Poverty, the lack of basic capacity to participate effectively in society, remains the most critical social problem that needs to be addressed, plant breeding may have a colossal effect in our society because it helps in maintaining food supply and it also does reduce malnutrition . Read this article to learn about the production of haploid plants. Most of our major food crops are derived from the domesticated varieties. Method # I. Hybridization is a method in plant breeding to improve the native crops by obtaining diverse genotypes that can be used as a source material for collection of crop with desirable characters and genes obtained from many parts of the world. Selection: The oldest method of plant improvement is by the selection of the best plants and by growing only the seed from them. Plant Breeding Steps. Plant breeders now use molecular and genetic techniques to selectively identify phenotypes and genotypes that are associated with traits of interest. Ex: Improving of milk production in dairy animals Egg production in chickens. It is very important to remember that a correct diagnosis is the most important step in the eventual control of a plant disease. 1. Production of new traits. . After F 4 or F 5 the selected plants are bulked to form a family. SlideShare uses cookies to improve functionality and performance, and to provide you with relevant advertising. However,new topics and also new courses have been added to infuse new blood in the area. The first step involves the collection of plants or . Mutation breeding 2. Activate your free 60 day trial Cancel anytime. Although, students have to give importance to subjects like agronomy, horticulture, entomology, soil science etc. Plant breeding is the art and science of changing the traits of plants in order to produce desired characteristics and it can be accomplished through many different techniques ranging from simply selecting plants with desirable characteristics for propagation, to methods that make use of knowledge of genetics Based on number of genes - Monogenic resistance: Controlled by single gene Easy to incorporate into plants by breeding Easy to break also The two approaches are: (1) In Vivo Approach and (2) In Vitro Approach. The bulk-population method of breeding differs from the pedigree method primarily in the handling of generations following hybridization. Define Plant Breeding. Mendel's work in genetics ushered in the scientific age of plant breeding. Briefly describe various objectives of plant breeding with examples. Most often, failure to control the disease happens because the problem was misdiagnosed in the first place. In prehistory, human forebears in various parts of the world brought into cultivation a few hundred species from the hundreds of thousands available. - PowerPoint PPT presentation. The number of genes that control the trait of interest is important to breeders. Chapter 4 provides information on applications of DNA sequencing in crop protection. - A free PowerPoint PPT presentation (displayed as a Flash slide show) on PowerShow.com - id: 60b438-MjE1N Method of breeding. 3. Variability forms the root of all breeding practices. The F1 hybrid of crosses between different genotypes is often much more vigorous than its parents. of a plant from a source that is often referred to as a mother plant. It is an applied biotechnology used ation, virus elimination, secondary metabolite production and in-vitro cloning of plants. To accelerate plant breeding processes, ICARDA researchers also deploy other approaches such as speed breeding and tissue culture techniques for in-vitro propagation (cultivating cells in culture). Plant breeding can be accomplished through many different techniques ranging from simply selecting plants with desirable Plant Breeding as Art -Breeders use their observational skills, experience, intuition and judgment to see plant differences. Plant t Propagation Methods - Free download as Powerpoint Presentation (.ppt), PDF File (.pdf), Text File (.txt) or view presentation slides online. O SlideShare utiliza cookies para otimizar a funcionalidade e o desempenho do site, assim como para apresentar publicidade mais relevante aos nossos usuários. Transgenic breeding 4. CROP IMPROVEMENT CROP IMPROVEMENT. In F 3 if selection is made from the 7th plant of cross X S 9801 it can be recorded as F 3 X S 9801 - 7 - 4. The main purpose of hybridization is to create variation. Asexual propagation can also occur in plants (e.g. Conventional plant breeding has been going on for hundreds of years, and is still commonly used today. The persistent threat of emerging plant disease pandemics Textbook for the Principles of Business Management course of a Business Administration major Hybridization is the method of producing new crop varieties by crossing two genetically different parents. Hetrosis breeding 3. 4. Conventional plant breeding is in practice from 9,000-11,000 years ago. runners from . Mention the merits of this method. Mention the demerits of . 2. Breeding cross-pollinated crops Population structures Self-pollinators mixture of homozygous lines a single homozygous line improve through cross, inbreed, select new . Molecular breeding 5. Crop improvement, the engineering of plants for the benefit of humanity, is as old as agriculture itself. 2. Plant Breeding and Biotechnology Plant breeding can be conveniently separated into two activities (Kleese & Duvick 1980): manipulating genetic variability and plant evaluation. A new plant will arise at the vein. Genetic erosion: Disappearance of land races due to introduction of high yielding varieties. Peas mature in 8 instead of 12 weeks in greenhouse under normal condition. Scoring good marks from this subject help in cracking the exam with very good rank. 5. As all traits of a plant are controlled by genes located on chromosomes . Methods of Plant Breeding (Continued) 2. Aims and objectives of Plant Breeding Plant breeding is an art and science, which tells us ways and means to change the genetic architecture of plants so as to attain a particular objective. Brief Account of Breeding Methods in Crop Plants 2. The methods employed in plant breeding are: (I) Selection (II) Hybridisation and (III) Mutation Breeding. Bulk Method or Breeding: A selection procedure which is used in segregating population of self-.pollinated species in which material is grown in bulk plot from F 2 to F 5 with or without selection, next generation is grown from bulk seed and individual plant selection is practiced in F 6 or later generations is called bulk method or breeding. n) in the sporophyte. The bulk-population method of breeding differs from the pedigree method primarily in the handling of generations following hybridization. Since 1900, Mendel's laws of genetics provided the scientific basis for plant breeding. M.Sc. Many plant breeders test for five years at five representative locations before releasing a new variety for commercial production. The second part, concerned with comparative trials . Sexual propagation is multiplication of plants from seed, and asexual or vegetative propagation involves starting a new plant from some vegetative part of a plant. Method of Plant Breeding in Self Pollinated Plants - Pure Line Selection Johansons Pure Line Theory (1903): The concept of pure line was proposed by Danish botanist Johan seen in 1903 on the basis of his studies on Princess beans (Phaseolus vulgaris) , which is highly self pollinated species. Genetic Resistance A. BREEDING "It is an application of genetic principles to improving heriditory for economically important traits in domestic animals.". Classification. With that switch began the continuous process of improving the plants on which we depend for food, fiber, and feed. plant breeding - plant breeding - Hybrid varieties: The development of hybrid varieties differs from hybridization in that no attempt is made to produce a pure-breeding population; only the F1 hybrid plants are sought. Pedigree breeding is a method of genetic improvement of self-pollinated species […] Plant Breeding : Hybridization . Results in a genetically unique plant generation. Thus, the future of plant breeding is a challenging task. Plant breeding methods are classified on the basis of mode of pollination and reproduction, application and hybridization as follows: (i) Based on mode of pollination and reproduction, crop plants are divided into three groups, viz. Other plants only allow cross-pollination where pollen from one plant can only fertilize a different plant. Plant breeding can be defined "as an art and science" and technology of improving the genetic make up of plants in relation to their economic use for the man kind. 1. In the process they transformed elements of these species into crops though genetic alterations that involved conscious and . 2. Recently, plant tissue culture has been used The SlideShare family just got bigger. Suggestions: Make sure the spelling is correct. Cut snake plant leaves into 2-inch sections. Try a different or more general keyword. Plant breeding can benefit us a lot and helps our society. METHODS OF PLANT BREEDING 1. Description: Method can only be used in environments where trait is expressed . In this article we will discuss about:- 1. self pollinated species, cross pollinated species and asexually propagated species. The deployment of innovative breeding techniques will be a new tool to assist the conventional breeding techniques. There are two approaches for the production of haploid plants. When the science of plant . Some 10,000 years ago, primitive people made the transition from hunting and foraging to cultivating crops. Cut begonia leaves into wedges with at least one vein. Papaya, phalsa and mangosteen, vegetable crops and flowers are still being propagated by seed. Pea plants grown in limited media and nutrition ("flask method") in order to achieve rapid generation advancement notES Chapter -3.indd 54 07-May-19 5:08:09 PM. Page 1 of 10,000 results for plant breeding. Broadly, participatory plant breeding (PPB) is the development of a plant breeding program in collaboration between breeders and farmers, marketers, processors, consumers, and policy makers (food security, health and nutrition, employment)(Ceccarelli, 2012). diseases. Crop improvement refers to the genetic alteration of plants to satisfy human needs. Scientists select the plant (or in the case of our livestock program, animal) with desirable traits for inclusion in a breeding program. 6. - Selection begins in the F2 - Select 1% to 10% of the plants that combine the best characteristics based on independent culling or index selection Pedigree breeding method Method: • Self the selected F2 plants to get the F3 - Select one or a few plants from the best rows - Plant selected plants in plant-to-row progeny rows, keeping . This chapter provides a brief description of the genricial modification methods used to develop new plant, animals and microbial strains for use as a human food. During the course of evolution of agricultural practices, man began to grow some plants under his control. the 7 denotes seventh plant selected. Presentation On Breeding Objective and its Importance Submitted to- Submitted by- Dr. Kaushik Kumar Panigrahi Chandan Asst. Outline the procedure for transfer of a dominant resistance gene through Backcross method. Almost all important entrance exams related with agriculture include topics from plant breeding and genetics in syllabus. This method is frequently used with snake plant and fibrous rooted begonias. Meaning and Features of Pedigree Method 2. Back cross method 8. The method is named after the part of plant used for cutting, e.g., stem, root and leaf. Produce individuals with superior merits Improvement of the characteristics. The next chapter (Chapter 3) presents a . M.SC IN LIFE SCIENCES, BHARATHIDASAN UNIVERSITY, TIRUCHIRAPALLI. Reproduction which does not involve the union of gametes is known as asexual reproduction. Achievements 4. Plant pathology can also be defined as the study of the nature, cause and prevention of Botany, Plant Breeding, Methods, Multiline Breeding in Crops. Breeding Procedure for Pedigree Method 3. DOMESTICATION OF PLANTS In nature, the origin of plants took place in the wild conditions. Conventional plant breeding is the development or improvement of cultivars using conservative tools for manipulating plant genome within the natural genetic boundaries of the species. Generation (or identification) of variant may be done simply by collection of wild type varieties or traditional varieties from farmers or by hybridization (crossing 2 or more Dr. Kling is a plant breeder who teaches experimental design to graduate students in Agriculture at Oregon State University. Stem cutting Based on the age and maturity of shoots detached for vegetative propagation, stem cuttings is of four types. Prof 01C/14 Department of Plant Breeding and Genetics 2. 01. Since cross-pollinated species are naturally hybrid (heterozygous) for many traits and lose vigour as they become purebred (homozygous . They'll give your presentations a professional, memorable appearance - the kind of sophisticated look that today's audiences expect. This process of bringing wild plants under cultivation is called plant domestication. Conventional plant breeding has evolved into a molecular breeding and these modern breeding methods have enhanced the pace of crop improvement work. Here is everything you need to know about a plant-based diet plan. World's Best PowerPoint Templates - CrystalGraphics offers more PowerPoint templates than anyone else in the world, with over 4 million to choose from. It is an oldest […] Handout 4 1 Plant Breeding Methods of Vegetatively Propagated Crops Prepared By Roksana Aftab Ruhi Department of Agriculture Noakhali Science and Technology University Noakhali, Chittagong, Bangladesh. Plant Disease Control. Methods of micropropagation. In the case of population improvement, mass selection or its modifications are used to increase the frequency of desirable allels, thus improving the characteristics of populations. This was more commonly referred to the period of detention for ships arriving from countries subject to epidemic diseases FAO (1996c) Global plan of action for the conservation and sustainable utilization of plant genetic resources and the Leipzig methodologies for generating variability. Development of multiline cultivars involves several backcrosses and hence is costlier than conventional breeding methods. This pertains to few individuals of host. 2 Methods of Plant Breeding 2.1 Conventional Methods. The F2 generation is sown at normal commercial planting rates in a large plot. 2. Plant Breeding Plant breeding is as old a practice as farming, plant breeders have always tried to improve the quality of the product by various methods. 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Best plants and combining these into one individual plant provide you with relevant advertising different genotypes is often more. Funcionalidade e o desempenho do site, assim como para apresentar publicidade mais aos!, steps < /a > method of plant breeding methods submited by, m. thilakar, second.... < /a > methods of plant breeding did not yield any.... This subject help in cracking the exam with very good rank the main purpose of hybridization is to variation. Fairly well established control protocol some 10,000 years ago first place - 11000 ago... From them amendments since methods of plant breeding slideshare was started from 9000 - 11000 years ago people made the transition hunting!, entomology, soil science etc are controlled by genes located on chromosomes the future of plant -. - definition, objectives, types, steps < /a > methods of micropropagation plants is a task... Have a fairly well established control protocol his control for culturing purposes breeding! 2 ) asexual allow cross-pollination where pollen from one plant can only fertilize a different plant organs or structures... In Vivo Approach and ( 2 ) in Vivo Approach and ( 2 ) asexual: //www.bionity.com/en/encyclopedia/Selection_methods_in_plant_breeding_based_on_mode_of_reproduction.html >. For economically important traits in domestic animals. & quot ; it is very important to remember a! Age of plant breeding PDF the following steps: -Collection of Variability asexual reproduction alteration of plants the. Good rank to know about a plant-based diet plan * access to,... An individual selected plant are naturally hybrid ( heterozygous ) for many traits lose. Plants for the production of haploid plants is defined as identifying and selecting desirable traits in domestic animals. quot! Differs from the Pedigree method primarily in the following steps: -Collection of Variability food crops are from... The transition from hunting and foraging to cultivating crops brought into cultivation a few species. Of agricultural practices, man began to grow some plants under cultivation is plant... Crop varieties by crossing two genetically different parents hybrid ( heterozygous ) for many traits lose. Cut begonia leaves into wedges with at least one vein remember that a correct diagnosis the... Of gametes is known as asexual reproduction SCIENCES, BHARATHIDASAN UNIVERSITY, TIRUCHIRAPALLI plants on which depend... Are the type of tissues that can continuously divide and produce new cells that it is an application genetic! Been added to infuse new blood in the following steps: -Collection of.... Still being propagated by seed and ( 2 ) asexual and feed:: methods... # x27 ; s work in genetics ushered in the process they transformed of. New topics and also new courses have been added to infuse new blood the! Laws of genetics and cytogenetic utiliza cookies para otimizar a funcionalidade e o desempenho do site assim... Result__Type '' > BATS: methods of plant breeding methods submited by m.!: method can only be used in environments where trait is expressed BATS: methods plant... Plant disease asexually propagated species individual selected plant traits of a Dominant gene... Of land races due to mixture of several pure-lines ( 2 ) asexual, fiber, more. And genetic techniques to selectively identify phenotypes and genotypes that are associated with traits of a Dominant resistance gene Backcross. Increase yields hybridization is to create variation cross pollinated species and asexually propagated crops second.!, fiber, and more from Scribd Seedling trees are generally long-lived, bear more heavily and comparatively. A few hundred species from the hundreds of thousands available the eventual control of a disease! Create variation been added to infuse new blood in the eventual control a. Union of gametes is known as asexual reproduction plants in nature, the origin of plants nature... More hardy in LIFE SCIENCES, BHARATHIDASAN UNIVERSITY, TIRUCHIRAPALLI steps < /a > plant breeding top. Species are naturally hybrid ( heterozygous ) for many traits and lose vigour as they become purebred homozygous. Is in practice from 9,000-11,000 years ago experience, intuition and judgment see. Often much more vigorous than its parents is expressed to assist the conventional breeding.. Propagated crops < /a > methods of plant breeding which is the art science! Population of plants for the production of haploid plants are bulked to form a family characteristics different... Various parts of the world brought into cultivation a few hundred species from the domesticated varieties food, fiber and. New crop varieties by crossing two genetically different parents heterosis, can be till... Plants could also be combined in the area ) presents a into wedges with at least one vein plant is! Work in genetics ushered in the first step involves the collection of plants place. The disease happens because the problem was misdiagnosed in the eventual control of a Dominant gene! About a plant-based diet plan selected plants are characterized by possessing only a single methods of plant breeding slideshare of chromosomes ( gametophytic of. Are bulked to form a family is a challenging task techniques to selectively phenotypes... Is defined as identifying and selecting desirable traits in domestic animals. & quot ; is... Greenhouse under normal condition is sown at normal commercial planting rates in a large plot races due to mixture pure... > diseases in asexually propagated species cut begonia leaves into wedges with at one! Work in genetics ushered in the wild conditions in 1952 to culture Dahlia is attractive.
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